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GLOS.TXT
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1984-07-12
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Assembly Language - The programming language which matches the machine's
defined operations on a 1 to 1 basis but allows symbols to represent the
operations and addresses rather than the actual binary codes.
Binary - refers to base 2.
Bit - Binary digit ie 1 or 0.
Byte - Eight bits taken as a unit.
CPU - Central Processing Unit: The portion of the system unit which "typically"
contains the arithmetic calculation resources and control logic to interpret
and execute instructions and control the over-all system.
In a microcomputer it is the microprocessor chip (IBM PC = Intel 8088).
Dynamic RAM - A form of RAM in which the information is stored as charge
in a capacitive circuit thus it is constantly "leaking" slowly out. It needs
to be "refreshed" every several milliseconds or the contents will be lost.This
makes it inherenly slower than other forms of RAM also contents are lost
when power is turned off.
Hexidecimal - refers to base 16.
Interrupt - A externally triggered event that causes the processor to halt
the current process a initiate a new sequence of instructions.
Machine Language - The binary codes interperted by the processor
as operation codes and memory addresses.
Process - Term used to refer to an executing (ie "running") program.
Static RAM - RAM in which information is stored as voltage levels in
register like locations. For semiconductor RAM used in many mini-computers
and microcomputers it losses its contents when power is removed. It is
typically faster than dynamic RAM but requires more chip area.
RAM - Random Access Memory: A memory in which any memory location can be
accessed in the same amount of time regardless of its relative location from
the previously accessed location. see dynamic and static RAM.
Register - A fast memory location within the processor used to store operands
for arithmetic processing and temporary results.
ROM - Read Only Memory: A form of memory which can be accessed as random
locations but cannot be written. It's locations are "burned" permenently
with the desired contents so when power is turned off the contents are not
lost.
Task- Term used to refer to a currently executing (ie "running") program.
Virtual - Term commonly used to describe hardware which is made to function
at low level one way but appear at a higher level in a different manner ie
"virtual memory" is a way of making the address space appear larger than it
is to the user.
Word - This is a rather loosely defined term. Some consider 16 bits to be the
definitive word. More commonly used definition, however is the largest number
of bits on which a processor is capable of operatin or the typical number of
bits on which a processor is capable of operating. In the IBM or TI PC this is
16 bits. On aN IBM 370 its 32 bits. The word size of the processor is the
further confused on the PC's because the number of bits the processor can read
from memory at once is 8 bits (Intel 8088 has an 8 bit data bus).